◎俞智敏
A cinema group in Sweden has introduced a controversial new gender bias rating to shine a spotlight on sexism in films, but critics said the move could lead to self-censorship.
瑞典一個電影院集團最近引進一項爭議性的偏重女性新評分制度來凸顯影片中的性別歧視；但批評者認為，此舉恐導致電影工作者進行自我審查。
To receive the new "A" rating, films must feature at least two named female actors who have a conversation about anything other than a man.
獲得新制A級評等的電影，至少要有兩位有名字的女性角色進行一段除了討論男性以外的對話。
The rating is based on a test made popular in 1985 by the comic strip artist Alison Bechdel. While the so-called Bechdel Test seems easy enough, many blockbusters actually fail to make the grade, including "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy and the "Star Wars" films.
這項評分制度是根據漫畫家貝希朵於1985年所提出、並廣為人知的一項測試。儘管這項名為貝希朵測試的評分制度似乎很簡單，但許多熱門電影卻都未能達到標準，包括「魔戒」三部曲及「星際大戰」系列電影在內。
The rating project has the enthusiastic support of the state-owned Swedish Film Institute, which provides funding for virtually every homegrown Swedish movie -- and all 23 films released last year.
這項評分計畫受到國營瑞典電影學院的熱烈支持，該學院提供資金給幾乎所有的瑞典國產電影，去年上映的23部片就全數獲得該學院資助。
Nevertheless, the body’s vocal support for the gender bias rating has led critics to complain about state interference in Swedish cultural life.
但電影學院大力支持偏重女性評分制度，也引起批評者抱怨國家干涉瑞典的文化生活。
"It’s naive to think their reaction is not prescriptive. The Swedish Film Institute is a very powerful body in Swedish cinema," said Jan Holmberg, a film researcher and head of the Ingmar Bergman Foundation.
「若以為他們的反應不會造成限制性的後果就太天真了。瑞典電影學院在瑞典電影界勢力非常龐大，」電影研究者及伯格曼基金會主席荷姆伯格表示。
新聞辭典
make the grade：片語，指表現令人滿意、達到預期目標如Many people apply for these positions, but only a few make the grade.（許多人申請這些職務，但只有少數人符合標準。）
vocal：形容詞，指暢所欲言的、直言不諱的，如He had always been a very vocal critic of the president.（他過去一直是總統最直率的批評者。）
prescriptive：形容詞，指規定的、指定的、限定的，如Critics claim the new rules are too prescriptive.（批評者聲稱新規定太過死板。）
本文引用至 自由時報電子報 http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/
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