Nineteenth Century American Landscapes 十九世紀的美國風景畫
精英翻譯社轉自https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0054/367091/web/
I n the nineteenth century, much of America was not settled. So there were few cities. Not many people lived in the countryside. So there were many beautiful places for artists to paint landscapes.
19 世紀時，美洲大部分地區尚無人定居，也沒什麼城市。鄉村人口也不多，所以有許多美景可供畫家寫生。
One group of landscape artists was called the Hudson River School. The Hudson River flows through New York. These artists painted the land in this area. Much of it was forest. But there were also farms, fields, and many mountains. Thomas Cole was the first Hudson River School artist. Frederic Edwin Church and Asher Durand were two others. The Hudson River School artists were Romantics. So they idealized the landscapes they painted. They painted the scenes the way they wanted the land to look, not the way that it actually looked.
有一群風景畫家被稱為哈德遜河畫派。哈德遜河流經紐約，這些畫家就專畫這一帶的土地。這裡大部分是森林，也有農場、田野和許多山脈。湯瑪斯．科爾是第一位哈德遜河畫派的畫家，另外兩位是弗雷德里克．艾德溫．丘奇以及艾許．杜蘭。哈德遜河畫派的畫家是浪漫主義者，他們會美化其所繪製的風景。他們所畫的風景是依照他們想呈現的樣貌，而非真實景色。
Around the same time, there was another school of artists. They were called Naturalists, or Realists. They painted nature as it appeared. William Bliss Baker was one of these artists. He also painted in the Hudson River area. But his paintings look very different from the Hudson River School artists' paintings. Baker's works are realistic. His painting Fallen Monarchs is one of the most beautiful of the Naturalist paintings.
在同一時期，還有另一派的畫家，稱為自然主義者或寫實主義者，他們將自然的真實樣貌呈現出來，威廉．布雷斯．貝克就是其中一位。他同樣描繪哈德遜河一帶，不過他的作品與哈德遜河畫派截然不同。貝克的作品走寫實風格，《沒落君主》就是寫實畫派中最美麗的作品之一。
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